I’d like to make some changes to the geodirectory_hooks_actions.php file. For instance, I’d like to take the share stuff off of there, as well as make some minor adjustments to how things are laid out.

I tried to put this into my child theme directory, as well as child-theme/geodirectory folder and it would not reflect the changes.

Is there a way I can edit this file so I do not affect the core files? Please let me know.

No there is no such way to do it right now.
What u can do is, remove those actions, filters by writing appropriate code in your theme’s functions.php, refer these.
http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/remove_action

http://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/remove_filter
and add your own actions and filters on available hooks.

Thanks

remove_filter or add_filter.

Example: https://wpgeodirectory.com/support/search/?bbp_search=add_filter

Thx